Blockchain Integration in Supply Chain Management: A Multi-Level Framework for Enhancing Transparency and Traceability

Abstract

Blockchain technology is being seen more and more as the answer to problems related to transparency and traceability in supply chains today. The data used in these systems tends to be incomplete, and several inefficiencies exist, resulting in a high risk of fraud. Therefore, there has to be a strong structure that unites everyone and secures all aspects of the process. The Multi-Layered Blockchain Architecture combines public and private blockchains to ensure strong data integrity, security and interoperability among members of the supply chain network. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Cross-Blockchain Oracles are integral to the system, enabling precise control over who accesses data and facilitating seamless communication between different chains. Smart contracts streamline jobs such as buying supplies, managing stocks and checking rules, thus lessening paperwork and mistakes by staff members. Because the ledger cannot be changed, it becomes easier to track shipments, verify origins and source goods responsibly in pharmaceuticals, car manufacturing and farming. Although AI plays a significant role, it must navigate obstacles such as high implementation fees, difficulties in connecting to older systems, and changes in laws and regulations. Research evidence indicates higher efficiency, lower spending, and improved risk management, particularly for large international supply chains. Enhanced predictive analytics and swift decision-making occur when the framework supports the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In the future, emphasis will likely be placed on making supply chains more scalable, sustainable, and open to collaboration between various industries, which should make the system more robust and resilient