Driving Sustainable Growth: Exploring The Nexus Between Financial Innovation And Banking Sector Profitability In Nigeria

Authors

  • MARSHAL IWEDI, PH.D. Department of Finance, Faculty of Administration and Management, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64137/31080030/IJFEMS-V2I1P101

Keywords:

Financial Innovation, Banking Sector Profitability, Mobile Banking Technologies, Digital Payment Systems, Blockchain Technologies

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of financial innovation on the profitability of the banking sector in Nigeria, with the new focus on the most popular mobile banking, digital payments, and blockchain technologies. It uses the data of 26 commercial banks available from the period of 2009 to 2024 to compare the profitability of them using return on assets ROA as the main measure. The data comes from the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN which contains digital innovations such as Web Pay, Mobile Pay, NIP, NEFT, Remita, and Central Pay. The results show that mobile banking and blockchain technologies have a more significant positive effect on profitability than the impact of digital payments which is different. The study urges strengthening mobile platforms, replacing the existing digital infrastructure with the new one, and implementing blockchain technologies.

References

[1] Adekunle, A., & Salami, O. (2023). Sustainable growth strategies in banking: Innovations and profitability in emerging economies. Economic Development Quarterly, 37(1), 88-105.

[2] Alhassan, A. L., Ibrahim, M. S., & Osei, V. (2021). Financial innovation and banking sector profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Nigeria. African Journal of Economic Review, 9(2), 45-61.

[3] Allan, D., & Gale, D. (1994). Financial innovation and market structure. The Journal of Finance, 49(3), 1-40.

[4] Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2020). Fintech and the future of banking. Journal of Banking and Finance, 109, 1-10.

[5] Bain, J. S. (1951). Barriers to new competition: Their character and consequences in manufacturing industries. Harvard University Press.

[6] Bara, A., & Mudzingiri, C. (2016). Financial innovation and economic growth: Evidence from Zimbabwe. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 13(2), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.07

[7] Beck, T., Chen, T., Lin, C., & Song, F. M. (2012). Financial innovation: The bright and the dark sides. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1911677

[8] Berger, A. N. (1995). The relationship between capital and earnings in banking. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 27(2), 432-456.

[9] Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). (2022). Economic report: Fourth quarter 2021. Central Bank of Nigeria.

[10] Chukwuma, A., & Ikpesu, F. (2021). Technological disruption and competitive advantage in Nigerian banking sector. International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(4), 56-73.

[11] Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386-405.

[12] Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

[13] Dearing, J. W., & Cox, J. G. (2018). Diffusion of Innovations Theory, and the Role of the Innovator in Adoption of Financial Technologies. In: Lee, M. (Ed.), The Handbook of FinTech and Digital Innovation. Wiley.

[14] Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (2000). Financial structure and bank profitability. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2430.

[15] Gambo, M. (2020). The impact of blockchain technology on Nigerian banking operations: A study of transaction costs. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 7(5), 99-111.

[16] Ghose, B., & Maji, S. G. (2022). Internet banking intensity and bank profitability: Evidence from emerging Indian economy. Managerial Finance, 48(11), 1607-1626. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-09-2021-0434.

[17] Idun, A. A., & Aboagye, A. Q. Q. (2014). Bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 5(1), 30-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-09-2012-0057

[18] Iwedi, M, Wachukwu. I.P., & Amadi, C.J. (2023). Mobile payment technology and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Management, 3(1), 1-9.

[19] Iwedi, M. (2023). Digital banking technology and financial inclusion in Nigeria. DS Journal of Digital Science and Technology, 2(9), 9-16.

[20] Iwedi, M. (2024). Digital banking technology and the operational efficiency of banks in Nigeria. African Banking and Finance Review Journal, 14(14), 1-13.

[21] Iwedi, M. (2024). Digital finance infrastructure and growth of commercial banking firms in Nigeria. Discover Analytics, 2(16), 1-14.

[22] Iwedi, M. (2024). Digital payment channels and economic growth in Nigeria. Advance Journal of Management, Accounting and Finance, 9(3), 16-36.

[23] Iwedi, M., Kocha, C. N., & Wike, C. (2022). Effect of digitalization of banking services on the Nigerian economy. Banking and Insurance Academic Journal, 2(1), 1-9.

[24] Iya, S. A., & Akinmoladun, F. F. (2020). Blockchain technology and financial services: Exploring the potential for adoption in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(2), 23-34.

[25] Kane, E. J. (1987). The technology of financial intermediation and its regulatory implications. Journal of Banking & Finance, 11(4), 733-746.

[26] Keskar, M. Y., & Pandey, N. (2018). Internet banking: A review (2002–2016). Journal of Internet Commerce, 17(3), 310-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2018.1451969

[27] Koch, T. W., & MacDonald, S. S. (2000). Bank management (5th ed.). South-Western College Publishing.

[28] Kumar, S. (2011). Financial innovation in the banking sector: A review of the literature. International Journal of Financial Services Management, 5(2), 172-184.

[29] Lerner, J., & Tufano, P. (2011). The consequences of financial innovation: A historical perspective. Financial Management, 40(2), 1-17.

[30] Mazzucato, M. (2013). The entrepreneurial state: Debunking public vs. private sector myths. Anthem Press.

[31] Misati, R., Osoro, J., Odongo, M., & Abdul, F. (2024). Does digital financial innovation enhance financial deepening and growth in Kenya? International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(3), 679-705. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2021-1389

[32] Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: A note. Journal of Banking & Finance, 16(6), 1173-1178.

[33] Mwinzi, D. M. (2014). The effect of financial innovation on economic growth in Kenya (Master's thesis). University of Nairobi. http://hdl.handle.net/11295/74849

[34] Ndubuisi, P., & Kabubo, J. (2022). Financial innovation and banking sector performance in emerging markets: A Nigerian perspective. Journal of Banking and Finance, 47(2), 125-142.

[35] Nguyen, T. D., & Tran, Q. T. (2022). Digital banking innovation and its impact on bank performance: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Financial Innovation, 8(3), 123-139.

[36] Nwankwo, S. (2022). Digital payment technology in developing economies: A Nigerian perspective. Journal of Financial Inclusion and Technology, 15(3), 45-60.

[37] Ogunbiyi, S. A., Akinmoladun, F. O., & Okunlola, O. O. (2020). Financial technology and banking sector profitability: A study of Nigerian commercial banks. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(4), 78-92.

[38] Okonkwo, F. O., Obinozie, S. T., & Echekoba, F. (2015). The impact of mobile banking on the growth of commercial banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(1), 22-30.

[39] Onakoya, B., Adenomon, M., & Oladejo, K. (2022). Mobile banking adoption and financial inclusion: Evidence from Nigeria. Technology in Society, 68, 101-118.

[40] Ovia, J. (2021). Digital banking transformation in emerging economies. Springer.

[41] Owolabi, S. A., & Kola, A. A. (2016). Mobile banking and financial inclusion in Nigeria: Issues and prospects. Journal of Financial Economics, 10(4), 123-134.

[42] Ozurumba, C.O & Oyapema, C. (2019). The Impact of Financial Innovation on economic growth in Nigeria 7 (8) available at: http://ijecm.co.uk.

[43] Qamruzzaman, M. & Jianguo, W. (2017). Financial Innovation and Economic Growth in Bangladesh. Research on Financial Innovation. Springer open.

[44] Qamruzzaman, M. (2023). Does financial innovation foster financial inclusion in Arab world? Examining the nexus between financial innovation, FDI, remittances, trade openness, and gross capital formation. PLoS ONE, 18(6), e0287475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287475

[45] Rahi, S., Othman-Mansour, M. M., Alharafsheh, M., & Alghizzawi, M. (2021). The post-adoption behavior of internet banking users through the eyes of self-determination theory and expectation-confirmation model. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(6), 1874-1892. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-04-2020-0156

[46] Rehman, S. U., Hussain, S., & Rasheed, A. (2024). Unleashing financial inclusion: The mediating role of digital marketing in the impact of fintech and behavioral intention. Journal of Modelling in Management, 19(5), 1670–1685. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-12-2023-0304

[47] Rochet, J. C. (2018). Financial innovation, regulation, and bank profitability. European Journal of Finance, 24(6), 459-476.

[48] Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations (1st ed.). Free Press.

[49] Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.

[50] Saunders, A., & Allen, L. (2002). Credit risk management in and out of the banking industry. John Wiley & Sons.

[51] Scherer, F. M., & Ross, D. (1990). Industrial market structure and economic performance (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin.

[52] Tchouassi, D. (2019). The role of mobile banking in financial inclusion in developing economies: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Financial Innovation, 1(4), 48-65.

[53] Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2018). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Wiley.

[54] Tufano, P. (2003). Financial innovation. Handbook of the Economics of Finance, 1, 307-336.

[55] Valverde, S. C., Del Paso, R. L., & Fernández, F. R. (2007). Financial innovations in banking: Impact on regional growth. Regional Studies, 41(3), 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400600928350

[56] Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. In IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data (pp. 557-564). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/BigDataCongress.2017.85

Downloads

Published

2026-01-12

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Driving Sustainable Growth: Exploring The Nexus Between Financial Innovation And Banking Sector Profitability In Nigeria. (2026). International Journal of Finance, Economics, and Management Studies, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.64137/31080030/IJFEMS-V2I1P101