Philosophical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence: A Comparative Inquiry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64137/XXXXXXXX/IJMHSS-V1I1P104Keywords:
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Philosophy of artificial intelligence, Strong AI vs. weak AI, Embodiment, Symbol grounding, Causality, Memory, Machine consciousness, Cognitive science, Interdisciplinary inquiryAbstract
AGI research is strongly connected to philosophy, since it helps us think about intelligence, consciousness and what the mind is. This study goes into the philosophical support systems that guide AGI research by drawing on old and new perspectives. One of the central debates is whether machines can truly have minds and consciousness like humans ("strong AI") or if they can only imitate human behavior in the form of "weak AI." For humans to have artificial general intelligence, it is necessary to rely on basic concepts such as embodiment, symbol grounding, causality and memory, like we see in biological cognition. This part of the analysis looks at the difference between Western traditions focused on logic and computing and newer ways that combine understanding from neuroscience, evolutionary theory and Eastern philosophies. Even with technological advancements, AGI is still only theorized, as there are still debates over what makes intelligence and consciousness, whether machines could have minds and the ethical effects of producing self-thinking machines. When we compare different philosophical standpoints, we can highlight both the benefits and obstacles in advancing AGI, which stresses the importance of teams from various fields to work together as technology grows stronger
References
[1] Sonko, S., Adewusi, A. O., Obi, O. C., Onwusinkwue, S., & Atadoga, A. (2024). A critical review towards artificial general intelligence: Challenges, ethical considerations, and the path forward. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(3), 1262-1268.
[2] AI to AGI: Ethical Considerations with EthicalEngineAI, Linked in, online. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-agi-ethical-considerations-ethicalengineai-adam-m-victor-eia0c
[3] The Implications of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) on Technology, kanerika, online. https://kanerika.com/blogs/artificial-general-intelligence/
[4] Slavin, B. B. (2023). An architectural approach to modeling artificial general intelligence. Heliyon, 9(3).
[5] Raman, R., Kowalski, R., Achuthan, K., Iyer, A., & Nedungadi, P. (2025). Navigating artificial general intelligence development: societal, technological, ethical, and brain-inspired pathways. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1-22.
[6] Implications of Artificial General Intelligence on National and International Security, yoshuabengio, online. https://yoshuabengio.org/2024/10/30/implications-of-artificial-general-intelligence-on-national-and-international-security/
[7] Barnes, E., & Hutson, J. (2024). A Framework for the Foundation of the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence. SSRG International Journal of Recent Engineering Science, 11(4).
[8] Abbate, F. (2023). Natural and artificial intelligence: a comparative analysis of cognitive aspects. Minds and Machines, 33(4), 791-815.
[9] Halpin, H. (2025). Artificial intelligence versus collective intelligence. AI & SOCIETY, 1-16.
[10] Goertzel, B. (2014). Artificial general intelligence: concept, state of the art, and future prospects. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence, 5(1), 1.
[11] Islam, M. M. (2024). Artificial General Intelligence: Conceptual Framework, Recent Progress, and Future Outlook. Journal of Artificial Intelligence General Science (JAIGS) ISSN: 3006-4023, 6(1), 1-25.
[12] Wang, P., & Goertzel, B. (Eds.). (2012). Theoretical foundations of artificial general intelligence (Vol. 4). Springer Science & Business Media.
[13] Joshi, K. (2024). Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): A Comprehensive Review. Journal of the Epidemiology Foundation of India, 2(3), 93-96.
[14] Anthony, M. (2008). Integrated intelligence: Classical and contemporary depictions of mind and intelligence and their educational implications (Vol. 19). BRILL.
[15] Rescorla, M. (2015). The computational theory of mind.
[16] Aydede, M. (2005). Computation and functionalism: Syntactic theory of mind revisited. In Turkish studies in the history and philosophy of science (pp. 177-204). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
[17] Priya, A. (2019). Haruki Murakami’s characters and works-as the representation of postmodernism. Think India Journal, 22(3), 56–62.
[18] Bołtuć, P. (2020). Consciousness for AGI. Procedia Computer Science, 169, 365-372.
[19] J. Charles Arockiasamy. (2025) A Post Humanistic Approach to H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds, International Journal of Business and Economics Research, Special Edition: Futuristic Trends in Literature, 16-22.
[20] Dr. A. Ezhugnayiru (2019) “The Apocalyptic Vision of Orhan Pamuk Reflected In the Black Book: A Study In The Light of Eco-Criticism,” International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities, 7(7), 611-617.
[21] Mallisetty, Harikrishna; Patel, Bhavikkumar; and Rao, Kolati Mallikarjuna, "Artificial Intelligence Assisted Online Interactions", Technical Disclosure Commons, (December 19, 2023) https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/6515
[22] J. Charles Arockiasamy (2023) “Study of Algorithms from a Transhumanist's Approach to a Modern Narration in the Artificial Intelligence Generated Novel,” New Frontiers in Education, 56(4).
[23] A. Priya (2025) Climatic Changes in Kim Robinson Staley's Fifty Degree Below: An Eco-Critical Study, International Journal of Business and Economics Research, Special Edition: Futuristic Trends in Literature, 118-123.
[24] Ezhugnayiru, A. (2025) The Interplay of Memory, History, and Fiction: Metafictional Devices in Holocaust Narratives and Collective Consciousness, International Journal of Literature, Linguistics, and Humanities, 1(1), 25-32.
