International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research
International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research aims to provide a global platform for high-quality research and scholarship in economics, business, and management. It seeks to foster intellectual exchange among academics, researchers, and practitioners by publishing innovative and impactful studies. IJEBMR is to foster a deeper understanding of economic theory, business management practices, and their practical applications across diverse sectors. IJEBMR welcomes all types of manuscripts meets the scope of the journal and the novel developments and innovations in Business and Economic management. The International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research serves as an important platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to engage with emerging research.
Job Stress among Employees in Private Sector
Job stress has emerged as a critical occupational health concern in the contemporary private sector, adversely affecting employee wellbeing, organizational productivity, and workforce retention. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and compile the causes, consequences as well as coping strategies regarding job stress among employees working in private sector organizations within India. Purpose: The study applied a descriptiveanalytical research design with primary data gathered using the Job Stress Scale (JSS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire from 350 employees across varied private sector industries in Bengaluru. Statistical Analysis: The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression and oneway ANOVA with SPSS 26.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results show that job stress is mainly determined by workload, role Ambiguity (RA), lack of Autonomy; interpersonal conflict and work–life imbalance. Additionally, it finds that stress has very negative and significant effects on job performance, psychological wellbeing (a positive outcome), and organizational commitment. The stress–performance connection was moderated by gender, managerial level, and tenure. Theoretically, this study synthesizes Karasek's Demand–Control Model and the Person–Environment Fit Theory to provide a unified explanatory framework. On the ground, findings help HR managers and organizational leaders in developing customized interventions such as Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), flexible work arrangements together with leadership development programmes to reduce workplace stress. This study adds to the literature on occupational stress in emerging market context by providing empirical insights from a new area, private sector of India.
Digital Transformation and Consumer Buying Behavior: The Role of Data Privacy in Online Advertising
The way a consumer looks for information, weighs product offerings and decides whether to buy has changed massively thanks to digital transformation. The proliferation of smartphones, social media channels, e-commerce platforms, digital payment systems and targeted online advertisements has resulted in a more convenient yet interactive shopping experience. But growing worries about data privacy have put consumer trust in digital platforms and online advertising into question. The purpose of this study is to investigate how digital transformation affects consumer buying behavior while considering the moderating influence of data privacy concerns in online advertising. The research is quantitative in nature and engages primary data collected from a structured online questionnaire filled out by 100 respondents. Perceived consumer use of digital platforms, perceived retailer usage of digital advertising, perceived trust within consumers and data privacy concerns were all measured on a five-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis in SPSS version26. The results suggest that digital transformation has a positive effect on consumer buying behavior through better accessibility, convenience and customized shopping experience. Digital advertising additionally has a very notable beneficial impact on buying intentions. Results show that increasing threats to data privacy actually lead to declining consumer confidence, ultimately reducing the efficacy of personalized online advertising. Consumers are more willing to respond to digital ads if they deem that their data is collected and used responsibly. The findings suggest that transparency in data collection and implementing privacy protection measures could go a long way. Ultimately, the future of digital marketing is about creating consumer trust through ethical practices on behalf of businesses around data management and privacy, while policymakers should further develop strong regulatory frameworks to support a secure and sustainable marketplace. These findings will provide valuable information for marketing managers, researchers and legislators who are trying to develop more effective tactics or public policies regarding consumer behavior in the changing digital landscape.
Trust and Purchase Behavior in Social Commerce Platforms among Gen Z Students
The exponential proliferation of social commerce platforms has fundamentally transformed consumer behaviour among Generation Z, rendering trust a pivotal determinant of online purchase decisions. The nature of this study is to understand the multiple areas between trust and purchase behaviour on social commerce platforms among young adults (Gen Z students), particularly influenced by influencers, peer reviews and algorithmic personalisation powered by AI-driven recommendation systems. Using a descriptive-quantitative type of research design, primary data were then collected from 80 total qualified responses (filtered by sending it out via Google Forms to submit within the limited time period but only extracted full sheets-not mouthing) through an online structured questionnaire that we filled out–on average taking between five and seven minutes per form. The instrument consisted of 26 items arranged within eight thematic sections covering demographic profiling, digital media behaviour, social commerce engagement and the mechanisms through which consumers form trust in this market context, as well as purchase frequency (e.g. the analysis included frequency distribution, Pearson correlation and chi-square test. Results show consumer reviews are the most important trust antecedent (75%), Instagram and YouTube were found to be the leading product-discovery channels, and there is a positive statistically significant relationship (r = 0.358, p < 0.01) between platform-level trust digital engagement metrics and purchase impact self-reported measures of purchases made through these platforms across their patron database in November-December 2019. In fact, 70% reported purchase regret emblematic of the trust-quality dissonance that defines social commerce. This study provides empirical insights into the burgeoning field of Gen Z consumer studies and social commerce research.
Customer Satisfaction towards Local Retail Stores
Customer satisfaction plays an important role in the success and growth of local retail stores. Today local businesses have realized the importance to keep customers and handle competition by understanding their needs and expectations. This study investigates customer satisfaction with local stores and provides information on what components affect how customers experience shopping. The research covers the main elements like product quality, price and pricing perceptions on products availability of a given customer service store environment convenience in terms with overall satisfaction. The study used data that were primarily collected through a structured questionnaire which had been circulated among customers frequently shopping in local stores. Body: Quantitative Methods were applied to study the perception of customer and satisfaction rate. The results show that customers prefer local stores due to the accessibility, personalized attention and quicker services offered by them along with a stronger customer–seller relationship. These elements create a combination of trust and convenience, which leads to repeat purchases. Local shops, on the other hand, struggle against huge chain stores and e-commerce marketplaces that will typically offer a broader product range and more appealing discounts. This study reveals that the quality of product, price competitiveness, availability of goods and great customer service enjoy a considerable role in enhancing customer satisfaction. Targeting these arenas will allow local store owners to improve overall sales and foster customer loyalty. The results of this research offer useful input to local retailers that wish to improve customer satisfaction, and thus secure the long-term growth in a highly competitive retail environment.
Impact of Online Reviews on Purchase Decisions: A Study of Consumer Behaviour in the Digital Marketplace
E-commerce platforms have blossomed, and consumers are no longer gathering information based on product descriptions or features. Customer reviews have become one of the major sources of information available online, influencing consumer behavior. Reviews online give information on product quality, performance, reliability and customer satisfaction thus reducing the risk and uncertainty inherent in shopping online. The primary data for this research was collected through a structured questionnaire, the link of which was created using Google Forms; it examines how online reviews play an influential role in consumers' purchase decisions. We surveyed consumers aged 20 through to over 40 years, including different occupations and shopping behaviour, receiving a total of sixty valid responses. The research is descriptive in nature and has applied frequency with percentage analysis to find out consumer attitudes towards online reviews. Results show that most respondents frequently check for online reviews prior to purchasing products, and believe the impact of reviews on their choice is considerable. When reviewing products, images and videos or detailed customer experiences give people more confidence than simple ratings. Negative reviews inhibited buying, whereas positive reviews bolstered confidence in and intention to purchase. The research found that online reviews are a major determinant in what consumers think and ultimately buy within the digital economy. But if businesses want to create a purchasing environment that achieves results and build up consumer confidence when it comes to their transactions with brands, then they must invest in maintaining genuine systems for feedback from customers.
Impact of Digital Payments on Spending Habits: A Behavioral Economics Perspective
Digital payment systems have rapidly transformed how Indians transact, yet the behavioural consequences of this shift remain poorly understood. A behavioural economics approach is being taken and this paper attempts to study the impact of digital payments on consumers' spending behaviour using a combination of theory and primary data from 72 surveys. The research demonstrates that cashless payment options lessen the mental strain involved in parting with money, which economists refer to as "pain of paying," resulting in identifiable alterations to spending behavior. Survey results indicate that 58% of respondents reported spending more after switching to digital payments, and students as well as younger consumers were particularly weak¹. It also finds that promotional offers and cash-back schemes, which consistently promote spending behaviours, contribute to more expenditures, as well as that financial literacy helps shield from them. Using quantitative data and a beefy trove of qualitative information from respondents, the paper claims that speed, ease and abstraction the three virtues granted by digital payments are also psychologically perilous to financial health. The implications of the findings concern consumers, financial institutions and policymakers emphasizing the need for knowledge, as well as carefully designed payment systems able to promote mindful expenditure.
The Role of Training and Development in Enhancing Employee Performance
It is well established that training and development are key pillars of HRM, directly impacting employee performance and organisational growth. In a changing workplace, businesses are quickly realising the importance of structured training programs to address existing skill gaps and boost workforce productivity. This study examines how training for employees of different ages and experience levels can enhance their performance. The main objective of this research is to examine the effects of training and development programs on employees' productivity, confidence, skill utilisation, job satisfaction, and career advancement. The research design used was descriptive research. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire-based survey of 100 respondents from different organisations. It included people of various ages and levels of experience, mostly under 25 and with a range of work experience. The data interpretation mainly involved percentage analysis. Results: The results of this survey are consistent with the conclusions that training programs make a significant difference in employee performance. The majority of the respondents found that training was very relevant to their job descriptions, improved their confidence level and improved productivity. In addition, the research indicates that regular use and support of new skills by the organisation are linked to career advancement and job satisfaction.
Impact of Digital Financial Literacy on Fintech Adoption Among Gen Z in Bangalore
Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of digital financial literacy, comprising financial knowledge and skills, perceived trust, and perceived security, on Fintech adoption behaviour among Generation Z in Bangalore. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was adopted using primary data collected from 250 respondents across Bangalore North, South, East, and Central. A structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was used. Data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS (Version 26) using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Locational differences were assessed using ANOVA. Findings: Results reveal that all facets of digital financial literacy substantially predict Fintech adoption behaviour: financial knowledge and skills (β = 0.421, p < 0.001), perceived trust (β = 0.386, p < 0.001) and perceived security (β = 0.402, p < 0.001). In the context of examining Fintech adoption behaviour, the second-order construct – Digital financial literacy has the most significant influence (β = 0.587, p < 0.001). The one-way ANOVA results (F = 4.052, p = 0.008) confirm the differences across locations in Bangalore [21]. Research limitations/implications: The study uses a convenience sample with limited cell counts (low generalizability). Longitudinal and probabilistic designs will likely be used in future studies. Practical implications: Literacy-informed interventions by fintech are strongly recommended, either focusing on knowledge about financial affairs or enhancing security results from platform use. Originality/ value: This research combines second-order SEM modelling and intra-city regional comparison perspectives, thereby providing insights of importance in driving the digital financial literacy-driven Fintech adoption behaviour among Gen Z in India.
The 7P Marketing Mix to Strengthen the Madurese Cattle Market (Strategy to Increase the Competitiveness of Livestock Agribusiness in Madura Island)
This study examines the 7P Marketing Mix model using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The outer model evaluation results indicate that all indicators have outer loading values greater than 0.70 and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values above 0.50, demonstrating that convergent validity has been satisfactorily achieved. Furthermore, the Composite Reliability (CR) values for all constructs exceed 0.70, indicating high internal consistency across all research variables, namely Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence. However, several constructs exhibit Cronbach's Alpha values below 0.70, particularly Price, Place, and Promotion. This condition is still considered acceptable in the context of PLS-SEM, given the limited number of indicators and the conservative nature of Cronbach's Alpha. In testing discriminant validity, the Fornell–Larcker Criterion results show that all constructs meet the required criteria, where the square root of the AVE for each construct is greater than its correlations with other constructs. However, the HTMT (Heterotrait–Monotrait Ratio) results reveal that several inter-construct relationships exceed the recommended thresholds of 0.90 and even 0.95, such as Price–Place, Promotion–People, and Promotion–Process. This finding indicates potential conceptual overlap among these constructs, suggesting that discriminant validity has not yet been fully optimized.
Artificial Intelligence Structured Investment and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
This study examines artificial intelligence-structured investments and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria using Return on Assets (ROA) as a proxy for financial performance. This study specifically examines the impact of AI software book value, AI software expenses disclosure, AI operational automation using chatbots, and bank size on ROA. This paper uses an ex post facto research design and secondary data from ten purposively selected DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group from 2015 to 2024. From the empirical analysis, this paper finds that AI software book value, AI software expenses disclosure, and AI operational automation using chatbots have a positive and significant impact on the return on assets of banks in Nigeria. This paper also finds that bank size has a positive impact on return on assets. This paper concludes that AI-structured investments have a significant impact on asset utilization in Nigeria. This paper recommends that banks in Nigeria invest more in AI infrastructure and invest in staff capacity in AI technologies, and that the regulatory authority in Nigeria design guidelines for AI adoption in banks.
AI-Enabled Operational Automation (Chatbots)
A Study on Employee Value Proposition (Evp) With Reference to Its Connect to Employee Engagement and Retention of Employees
In today’s competitive talent landscape, organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing a strong Employee Value Proposition (EVP) to attract, engage, and retain top talent. EVP represents the unique set of offerings, values, and benefits that an organization provides to its employees in exchange for their skills and commitment. This research paper aims to study how an effective EVP influences employee engagement and retention. The study seeks to understand the relationship between an organization’s EVP components such as compensation, career growth, work-life balance, organizational culture, and leadership and employees’ emotional and professional connection with the organization. The research also highlights the strategic importance of EVP as a differentiating factor in employer branding and long-term workforce stability. The study on employee value proposition (EVP) with reference to its connect to employee engagement and retention of employees is an exploratory and descriptive study conducted by the help of Primary & Secondary Data. The Authors aim to understand the concept and significance of Employee Value Proposition (EVP). The authors further aim to study the employee value proposition (EVP) with reference to its connect to employee engagement and retention of employees. The study also establishes the connection between EVP and Employee engagement at organisations. The Study encompasses the domain of EVP, employee engagement and retention of employees. The limitation of the study gets represented through its generalistic approach rather any specific Industry or company or region. This potentially leads to its future scope of the study. The findings of this study will provide insights into how a well-structured EVP can foster engagement, reduce attrition, and enhance organizational commitment.
Market Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Coffee Product Consumers in Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia
This study examines market concentration and the spatial distribution of coffee consumers in Kabupaten Pamekasan, Indonesia. The research addresses the limited empirical evidence regarding the structure of local coffee markets and the geographic patterns of consumer demand at the regional level. A quantitative approach is employed using primary data collected from 390 coffee consumers across thirteen sub-districts during January–April 2026. In this study, market concentration is evaluated via indicators of market share, four-firm concentration ratio, and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index; while Geographic Information System techniques identify consumer distribution patterns, density level, and consumption hotspots. The results indicated that coffee consumption is primarily conducted at the hands of consumers in productive ages and frequent drinkers, suggesting that it has become a habit of modern lifestyle and the act of purchase. It is a loose oligopoly structure and very competitive; no single coffee brand dominates the preferences of consumers. Coffee consumption behaviour across the regency is further investigated using spatial analysis, which displays an uneven distribution amongst Pamekasan, Tlanakan, Pademawu, and Proppo sub-districts. These areas encompass the major areas of consumption and, therefore, are the most valuable coffee market regions that would be well-suited for business growth. Northern sub-districts have lower consumer densification and silo development. The added value of the paper lies in combining the dataset of market concentration with a spatial consumer mapping approach to produce an empirical model describing local coffee markets. The results offer practical insights for coffee producers, small and medium enterprises, and policymakers in designing targeted marketing strategies, improving distribution efficiency, and supporting sustainable regional coffee industry development.
HR Challenges in Industry 5.0 and Smart Workplaces: A Review of Emerging Issues and Future Directions
Industry 5.0 represents a transformative paradigm that emphasizes human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability through the synergistic integration of advanced technologies and human capabilities. The emergence of smart workplaces has fundamentally reshaped the role of human resource management (HRM), creating new challenges related to workforce transformation, employee well-being, human–robot collaboration, ethical artificial intelligence, hybrid work arrangements, leadership development, and diversity management. Despite the growing body of literature on Industry 5.0, research addressing these issues from an integrated human resource perspective remains fragmented. Thus, this paper better utilizes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to develop an overarching view of academic literature articles from the period 2021 up to 2025 in several major databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and MDPI. The paper uses thematic analysis to identify six main HRM challenges and contrasts how these could affect the organizational resilience and long-term performance. The research shows that building Industry 5.0 takes regular reskilling and upskilling, an employee-first well-being agenda, ethically responsible AI governance, adaptive leadership, and an inclusion culture in organizations. It also makes clear that smart workplaces with sustainable competitive advantage will be the ones that can leverage human values and corresponding organizational capabilities simultaneously vis-à-vis technological innovation. Theoretically, the review contributes to the emerging HRM 5.0 literature through a comprehensive framework for understanding people–technology interactions in intelligent workplaces that integrates Socio-Technical Systems Theory with Resource-Based View and Human-Centered Theory. On a practical level, the results offer strategic insights for HR managers and organizational leaders involved in digital transformation management, while policy implications underscore responsible AI governance, sustainable workforce formation, and augmentation as well as expansion of digital skills. The overarching aim of the study is a comprehensive understanding of HR issues in Industry 5.0 and to guide the future research towards establishing resilient, inclusive, and sustainable smart workplaces.
A Study on the Budgetary Control, Variance Analysis, and Financial Performance in Sri Bragadesh Agri Tech Foods Private Limited
Budgetary control and variance analysis are essential tools for effective financial management and organizational performance. The present study examines the budgetary control system, variance analysis practices, and financial performance of Sri Bragadesh Agri Tech Foods Private Limited. The study is based on secondary data collected from the company’s financial statements for the period 2020–21 to 2024–25. Various financial tools, such as Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Absolute Liquid Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Proprietary Ratio, and Trend Analysis, were used to evaluate financial performance. The findings reveal that the company has maintained a strong liquidity position, improved profitability, and reduced dependence on borrowed funds. The current ratio increased from 2.11:1 to 4.06:1, while the net profit ratio improved from 10% to 15% during the study period. Trend analysis also indicates continuous growth in sales and assets. The study concludes that effective budgetary control and variance analysis contribute significantly to improving financial performance, operational efficiency, and managerial decision-making.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Impact - A Case Study of TATA's FMCG and Consumer Products Sector
This paper explores the complex relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable impact in the Tata Group's fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) and consumer products division. It focuses on Tata Consumer Products Limited (TCPL), a company that reflects the Tata Group's ethical values through its sustainable practices integrated into its business strategy. The study examines CSR initiatives during fiscal years 2022-23 and 2023-24, highlighting areas such as responsible sourcing, circular packaging, rural livelihood development, water conservation, and women's empowerment. The research uses a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from official sustainability and integrated annual reports with qualitative insights from secondary sources and corporate disclosures. It shows how Tata's CSR philosophy goes beyond traditional philanthropy by incorporating sustainability throughout its value chain and brand identity. The findings reveal measurable progress in using renewable energy, reducing carbon intensity, and achieving water positivity. They also emphasize the broader social impact of programs like Jaago Re and Project Jalodari. The study concludes that Tata Consumer Products' CSR model offers a replicable framework for creating sustainable value, where corporate profits and social responsibility work together to redefine modern corporate citizenship.
Skill-Based Hiring vs. Degree-Based Hiring: A Modern Recruitment Comparison
The recruitment landscape has undergone a significant transformation due to technological advancements, globalization, and the increasing demand for specialized skills. Traditional degree-based hiring, which evaluates candidates primarily through academic qualifications, is gradually being replaced by skill-based hiring models that focus on competencies, certifications, and practical abilities. This research paper examines the differences between skill-based and degree-based hiring and analyzes their impact on workforce efficiency, diversity, productivity, and employability. The study uses secondary data collected from reports, surveys, and scholarly literature to evaluate the effectiveness of both recruitment methods. Findings indicate that skill-based hiring improves workforce inclusion, reduces hiring costs, and aligns recruitment practices with modern industry demands, particularly in technology-driven sectors.
Sustainable Finance and Cleantech Entrepreneurship in India: Catalysts for a Low-Carbon and Inclusive Economy
The importance of sustainability continues to grow in the context of climate change, environmental degradation, and limited resources. This transition is driven by sustainable finance, cleantech entrepreneurship, governance frameworks, and changing consumer preferences in India. Sustainable finance focuses on projects that are good for the environment and society, and cleantech companies work on innovations related to the renewable energy sector, sustainable mobility, waste management and resource efficiency. This study explores the concept of sustainable financing and green entrepreneurships in the process of India's transformation to a low-carbon and inclusive economy. The research design is descriptive and exploratory in nature, and the research evidence comes from the academic literature, government reports, international reports and the sustainability database. The result shows that the market for green bonds and loans, ESG investments, sustainability-centric financing and mechanisms for funding climate change is growing. The analysis also presents the role of cleantech start-ups in fostering technological innovation and solving environmental issues in various fields. In addition, consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of sustainable business practices and increased corporate responsibility, which is driving businesses to become more sustainable and accountable. The study concludes that the synergy of financial innovation, policy support, entrepreneurial efforts, and governance that incorporates sustainable considerations and consumer responsibility is building a more sustainable India and enabling long-term economic, environmental, and social growth.
A Study on Financial Performance Analysis at Panasonic Carbon Co India Limited in Chennai
This research explores about the comparative performance analysis of financials between Panasonic Carbon Co India Ltd with special reference to profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency in operations. In a rapidly changing competitive business environment, analyzing your financial performance is critical for establishing the health and stability of an organization. This also allows you to evaluate the performance of a company across different angles, be it profitability, capital efficiency or long-term sustainability. The main purpose of the research is to analyse through different financial tools and techniques, the financial performance of Panasonic Carbon Co India Ltd in a specified period. In addition, this research seeks to find out strengths and weaknesses of the company’s financial position by ratio analysis, comparative statements & trend analysis as well. Financial Indicators In the sense of gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, current ratio, debt-equity ratio and return on investment are considered for measuring overall performance. Research is conducted using secondary data taken from annual reports, financial statement, company websites, journal & other published resources. It utilizes statistical and analytical tools (percentage analysis, ratio analysis comparative balance sheet analysis, trend analysis, graphical representation etc.) to interpret the financial data. The outcome of the study will provide an inside into the financial position and growth performance status of Panasonic Carbon Co India Ltd as well as efficiency in the utilization of funds. The study therefore concludes that effective financial management and appropriate use of assets is required to secure high long-lasting returns on profitability, liquidity, organizational growth, and sustainability.
A Study on New Industrial Frontiers through Industry 5.0 with Special Reference to the Region of South Gujarat
The New Industry Frontiers emerging through Industry 5.0 include the integration of physical systems, artificial intelligence, robotics & sustainable production methods, aiming to achieve inclusive growth by balancing economic progress with environmental responsibility. The evolution of the Industrial Revolution has completely transformed all sectors of society through mechanization, electrification, automation & digitalization. From mechanization in industry 1.0 to mass production in 2.0, with automation in 3.0, and the era of digitalization in industry 4.0, each phase highlights the transformations industries have undergone and how they operate. Today, the emergence of Industry 5.0 is built on the foundation of collaboration between humans and advanced technology, which is a shift from a technology-driven model to a human-centric and more resilient industrial development. A Study on New Industrial Frontiers through Industry 5.0 with special reference to the region of South Gujarat is an exploratory and descriptive study conducted with the help of both Primary and Secondary Data. A total of 23 companies from the South Gujarat region have participated in the survey which was intended to gauge the Industry 5.0 approach at the organisations. The Researchers aimed to understand the concept and significance of Industry 5.0 for organisations. The researchers further aimed to study the Industry 5.0 avenues and challenges for Organisations in the region of South Gujarat. The study recommends the best practices with respect to Industry 5.0 at Organisations. The scope of the study encompasses the domain of the evolution of Industry from the current Industry 5.0. The inferences are indicative in nature and not exhaustive.
A Study on the Impact of FIIs and DIIs on the Indian Stock Market
Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) play a significant role in influencing the Indian stock market. Institutional investment flows affect market liquidity, volatility, investor confidence, and long-term economic growth. This study examines the impact of FII and DII investment flows on benchmark indices such as NIFTY 50 and BSE Sensex during the period 2020–2025. The study mainly focuses on institutional investment behaviour, market volatility, investor sentiment, and market stability. Secondary data was collected from NSE, BSE, SEBI, RBI reports, financial journals, and market publications. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean, correlation analysis, trend analysis, and chi-square test were used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings reveal that FIIs strongly influence short-term market movements and volatility, whereas DIIs act as long-term stabilizing forces in the Indian stock market. The study also highlights the increasing role of SIP investments and domestic mutual fund participation in strengthening the Indian capital market. The research concludes that the balanced participation of FIIs and DIIs contributes significantly to market resilience, liquidity, and sustainable economic growth. The growing dominance of domestic investors has reduced the dependency of Indian markets on foreign capital and improved overall market stability.
Empowering Through Enterprise: A Study of Problems and Prospects Facing Shg-Owned Income Generating Activities in Selected Mandals of Mahabubnagar District of Telangana
Micro enterprises (ME) have engaged as real boon for the poor and are considered as growth engines that trigger the development process. The rural poor are to be encouraged to undertake micro-enterprises. Besides solving the problem of poverty, it helps to generate additional income for the poor in rural and urban areas. Development of micro enterprises helps to create immediate employment opportunities, involving a larger number of women at low-level investment. The principal objectives of the study were: to understand the role of SHGs in empowering through enterprise, to study the problems of the Income Generating Activities undertaken by the women SHGs, and to study the prospects of the SHG micro enterprises. The primary data was obtained through administering a structured schedule. Survey method used in conducting the study. The sample size is 100, one hundred SHG representatives of micro enterprises. Random sampling method is applied to select sample representatives. The SHG women, who are pursuing these enterprises, were quite happy and have been running and making good returns. The enterprises have yielded a high level of profit, which enabled the beneficiaries to expect their operations to be successful units located in Mahabubnagar
Nostalgia Narrative: A Review on Emotional Appeals and Consumer Behaviour
This review examines how advertising leverages personal and collective nostalgia to drive consumer behavior, brand loyalty, and market engagement. Synthesizing historical timelines and recent empirical studies from 2022–2025, the text shows that nostalgic appeals enhance memory retention by 1.8x and raise repeat purchase intent by 12%. The cognitive pathways convert retro stimuli into favorable brand attitudes via mechanisms like self-continuity and social connectedness. However, performance boundaries exist: 51.1% of consumers exhibit strict price sensitivity when assessing high-priced nostalgic products. Ultimately, nostalgic marketing acts as an emotional anchor that effectively bridges generation gaps.
A Study on Cybersecurity Risks in Financial Institutions
The rapid growth of digital banking and online financial services has increased the importance of cybersecurity management in financial institutions. Financial organizations are highly dependent on digital technologies for banking operations, online transactions, mobile banking, and customer data management. This technological advancement has also increased cyber threats such as phishing attacks, malware attacks, ransomware, hacking, identity theft, and data breaches. These cyber risks affect customer trust, financial stability, operational efficiency, and organizational reputation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the importance of cybersecurity management in financial institutions and examine various cyber threats, security challenges, and preventive measures used to protect digital financial systems. The study also focuses on emerging cybersecurity technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain Technology, Cloud Security, and Biometric Authentication used for improving digital security management. The research is based on secondary data collected from books, journals, websites, research articles, banking reports, and cybersecurity publications. Percentage analysis, charts, graphs, and interpretation methods are used to analyze cybersecurity trends and digital security practices in financial institutions. The findings of the study reveal that effective cybersecurity management plays a significant role in protecting confidential customer information, ensuring secure digital transactions, reducing cyber risks, and maintaining business continuity. The study concludes that financial institutions must continuously strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure, improve employee and customer awareness, and adopt advanced security technologies to manage evolving cyber threats and maintain secure financial operations in the modern digital environment.
Regulating Standalone Oil Palm Mills in Indonesia: A Review
Indonesia’s palm oil sector depends on the rapid movement of fresh fruit bunches from farms to mills, which makes milling capacity central to farmer welfare, industrial efficiency, and sustainability governance. Yet policy controversy has intensified around oil palm mills that operate without owning or directly controlling plantations. This article offers a qualitative literature review of how such mills should be regulated in Indonesia. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed studies, official regulations, certification issues, and statistics, the article argues that standalone mills are neither inherently harmful nor inherently desirable. Their effects depend on location, sourcing arrangements, and the institutional quality of supervision. On the positive side, these mills can widen market access for independent smallholders, reduce fruit-queue losses, stimulate local investment, and weaken localised monopsony. On the negative side, they can disrupt long-established plasma relationships, intensify opportunistic competition for oil palm fresh fruit bunches, weaken traceability, and create incentives for informal ramp-based procurement or legality gaps. The review finds that an outright ban would be too blunt and potentially exclusionary, while laissez-faire tolerance would be too risky for sustainability and the integrity of partnerships. The most appropriate policy is a conditional governance model that recognises standalone mills as lawful but subjects them to spatial feasibility tests, mandatory smallholder partnerships, transparent pricing rules, digital traceability, registered loading ramps, phased ISPO integration, and differentiated enforcement for remote and underserved districts. Such a model would better align farmer inclusion, industrial order, and sustainability in Indonesia’s palm oil ecosystem.
From Loose Oil Palm Fruits to Legitimate Palm Oil Value Chains: A Review
Loose oil palm fruits are often treated as a narrow operational concern at harvest, yet recent literature shows they are a broader systems variable that connects ripeness assessment, labour use, free fatty acid formation, mill efficiency, smallholder income, certification feasibility, and sectoral legitimacy. This article develops a narrative review of recent peer-reviewed scholarship, with emphasis on reputable journal publications from 2020 onward, to explain why loose fruits should be understood not as incidental residues but as a strategic node in the palm oil economy. The review finds that loose oil palm fruits contain valuable, recoverable oil, but poor collection, long harvest intervals, bruising, delayed processing, and mixed handling with fresh fruit bunches can degrade oil quality, particularly by increasing free fatty acid levels and reducing bleachability. At the same time, the problem is not purely technical. Smallholder yield gaps, labour scarcity, transport frictions, weak incentives, incomplete land legality, and uneven access to certified mills all shape how loose fruits are managed in practice. Recent evidence also suggests that better agronomy, shorter harvest intervals, targeted postharvest innovation, stronger farmer organisations, and more enabling certification design can improve both product quality and rural welfare without requiring further land expansion. The article, therefore, argues for an integrated approach in which loose-fruit management becomes a practical entry point for quality upgrading, inclusive intensification, and more credible governance in the palm oil sector.
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A Research Article on Social Media Marketing In the Current Era
The present marketing era is quite technical. Social media is being explored to reach consumers. Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information, and create web content. Marketing through social media reaches the present generation most effectively. Social marketing is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or maintaining people's behavior for the benefit of individuals and society as a whole. Social media marketing is the use of social media, the platforms on which users build social networks and share information to build a company's brand, increase sales, and drive website traffic. In the current era, social media marketing is a good support to the organization towards its survival and upward movement in business. The research article on social media marketing in the current era is descriptive research. The study is based on secondary data collected from various existing sources. A case study approach has been used as the research method, and the study focuses on analyzing company strategies through social media. The researchers aim to understand the essence & significance of social media marketing for organizations. They also aim to study the avenues of social media marketing and their prospects. The study encapsulates the theoretical and literature approach with respect to the domain understanding of social media marketing. The inferences drawn are limited to the researchers' understanding and are indicative in nature. Overall, social media marketing has become the future of communication and business growth, and its importance will continue to increase in the coming years.
Occupational Health and Safety Training and Employee Performance of Brookside Dairy Limited, Kiambu County, Kenya
Occupational Health and Safety training is a critical aspect of organizational performance because it promotes safe working conditions, reduces workplace accidents, and enhances employee productivity. This study examined the influence of occupational health and safety training on employee performance at Brookside Dairy Limited in Kiambu County, Kenya, while also assessing the moderating effect of government Occupational Health and Safety policy guidelines. The study was guided by the Theory of Organisational Effectiveness, which emphasises the importance of organisational adaptation to environmental and operational conditions for achieving improved performance outcomes. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population comprised 1,530 employees of Brookside Dairy Limited, including top-level management, middle-level management, and non-management staff. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 317 respondents, determined through Yamane’s formula. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires containing closed-ended questions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to establish relationships among variables and test the moderating effect of government policy guidelines. The findings revealed that occupational health and safety training was highly rated by employees, with respondents indicating that training programs were regularly conducted, of good quality, and positively influenced employee performance. Correlation analysis established a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between Occupational Health and Safety training and employee performance (r = 0.825, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further showed that Occupational Health and Safety training significantly predicted employee performance (β = 0.436, p < 0.001). The study also established that government Occupational Health and Safety policy guidelines had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between Occupational Health and Safety training and employee performance, with government policy guidelines strongly enhancing compliance, accountability, and implementation of workplace safety practices. The study concluded that effective Occupational Health and Safety Training, supported by strong management commitment, adequate financial resources, and effective government policy enforcement, significantly improves employee performance. The study recommends strengthening employee safety training programs, increasing financial support for Occupational Health and Safety initiatives, and enhancing enforcement of government Occupational Health and Safety regulations to improve organizational performance and workplace safety.
Timely Implementation of Strategies and Employee Performance in the County Government of Turkana, Kenya
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of timely implementation of strategies on employee performance in the County Government of Turkana, Kenya, while assessing the moderating role of leadership commitment within Results-Based Management (RBM) practices. The study was guided by a positivist research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 2,800 employees from various ministries and departments within the County Government of Turkana. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 350 respondents was obtained through Yamane’s formula. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Reliability of the research instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, where all variables attained coefficients above the acceptable threshold of 0.7. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the timely implementation of strategies and employee performance. The findings revealed that the timely implementation of strategies positively and significantly influenced employee performance in the County Government of Turkana. Employees agreed that strategies implemented within appropriate timelines produce satisfying organizational results and improve achievement of targets. However, respondents indicated that most strategies within the county government were not implemented within the expected timelines, demonstrating weaknesses in implementation schedules and administrative processes. Employee performance was generally rated moderate to high, particularly in terms of effectiveness of work completed, quality of service, and efficiency of employee output. The study further established that leadership commitment strengthened implementation processes by enhancing coordination, accountability, and employee motivation. The study concluded that the timely implementation of strategies is a critical determinant of employee performance in county governments. Delays in implementation negatively affect employee productivity, coordination of activities, and achievement of organizational objectives. The study recommends that the County Government of Turkana should strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems, improve resource allocation processes, enhance leadership commitment, and establish effective implementation schedules to ensure the timely execution of organizational strategies and improved employee performance.
This study explores the integration of Total Quality Management (QM) as a strategic catalyst for “Vikasit Bharat” (Developed India). As India aims to transition into a high-income economy by 2047, the adoption of TQM principles, customer focus, continuous improvement, and total employee involvement becomes essential across manufacturing, services, and governance. This research analyzes how TQM frameworks can enhance global competitiveness, reduce systemic waste, and foster a culture of excellence. The findings suggest that a localized TQM model, aligned with national digital and sustainable initiatives, is critical for achieving comprehensive socio-economic development.
A Generational Study on Workplace Behavior and Motivational Drivers: A Comparative Analysis of Gen Z and Millennial Employees”
As workplaces are changing to fit the needs of different generations, it is important to recognize generational differences for the purposes of promoting productivity, encouraging job satisfaction among employees, and promoting organizational integration. The purpose of this study is to investigate and contrast the motivational factors and workplace behaviors of two prominent generational cohorts: Millennials (born 1981 -1996) and Generation Z (born after 1996). This Survey article explores differences in areas such as work values, choice of Communication, technology adoption, and career progression outlooks, as well as fundamental motivating factors using primary data from surveys and interviews. The observation indicates behavioral patterns that significantly affect leadership strategies, team dynamics, and initiatives aimed at retaining talent. These findings offer valuable information to HR practitioners, corporate leaders, and Business owners who wish to build a collaborative and high-performing multigenerational workplace.