International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research
International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research aims to provide a global platform for high-quality research and scholarship in economics, business, and management. It seeks to foster intellectual exchange among academics, researchers, and practitioners by publishing innovative and impactful studies. IJEBMR is to foster a deeper understanding of economic theory, business management practices, and their practical applications across diverse sectors. IJEBMR welcomes all types of manuscripts meets the scope of the journal and the novel developments and innovations in Business and Economic management. The International Journal of Economics and Business Management Research serves as an important platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to engage with emerging research.
A Study on New Industrial Frontiers through Industry 5.0 with Special Reference to the Region of South Gujarat
The New Industry Frontiers emerging through Industry 5.0 include the integration of physical systems, artificial intelligence, robotics & sustainable production methods, aiming to achieve inclusive growth by balancing economic progress with environmental responsibility. The evolution of the Industrial Revolution has completely transformed all sectors of society through mechanization, electrification, automation & digitalization. From mechanization in industry 1.0 to mass production in 2.0, with automation in 3.0, and the era of digitalization in industry 4.0, each phase highlights the transformations industries have undergone and how they operate. Today, the emergence of Industry 5.0 is built on the foundation of collaboration between humans and advanced technology, which is a shift from a technology-driven model to a human-centric and more resilient industrial development. A Study on New Industrial Frontiers through Industry 5.0 with special reference to the region of South Gujarat is an exploratory and descriptive study conducted with the help of both Primary and Secondary Data. A total of 23 companies from the South Gujarat region have participated in the survey which was intended to gauge the Industry 5.0 approach at the organisations. The Researchers aimed to understand the concept and significance of Industry 5.0 for organisations. The researchers further aimed to study the Industry 5.0 avenues and challenges for Organisations in the region of South Gujarat. The study recommends the best practices with respect to Industry 5.0 at Organisations. The scope of the study encompasses the domain of the evolution of Industry from the current Industry 5.0. The inferences are indicative in nature and not exhaustive.
A Study on the Impact of Fiis and Diis on the Indian Stock Market
Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) play a significant role in influencing the Indian stock market. Institutional investment flows affect market liquidity, volatility, investor confidence, and long-term economic growth. This study examines the impact of FII and DII investment flows on benchmark indices such as NIFTY 50 and BSE Sensex during the period 2020–2025. The study mainly focuses on institutional investment behaviour, market volatility, investor sentiment, and market stability. Secondary data was collected from NSE, BSE, SEBI, RBI reports, financial journals, and market publications. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean, correlation analysis, trend analysis, and chi-square test were used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings reveal that FIIs strongly influence short-term market movements and volatility, whereas DIIs act as long-term stabilizing forces in the Indian stock market. The study also highlights the increasing role of SIP investments and domestic mutual fund participation in strengthening the Indian capital market. The research concludes that the balanced participation of FIIs and DIIs contributes significantly to market resilience, liquidity, and sustainable economic growth. The growing dominance of domestic investors has reduced the dependency of Indian markets on foreign capital and improved overall market stability.
Empowering Through Enterprise: A Study of Problems and Prospects Facing Shg-Owned Income Generating Activities in Selected Mandals of Mahabubnagar District of Telangana
Micro enterprises (ME) have engaged as real boon for the poor and are considered as growth engines that trigger the development process. The rural poor are to be encouraged to undertake micro-enterprises. Besides solving the problem of poverty, it helps to generate additional income for the poor in rural and urban areas. Development of micro enterprises helps to create immediate employment opportunities, involving a larger number of women at low-level investment. The principal objectives of the study were: to understand the role of SHGs in empowering through enterprise, to study the problems of the Income Generating Activities undertaken by the women SHGs, and to study the prospects of the SHG micro enterprises. The primary data was obtained through administering a structured schedule. Survey method used in conducting the study. The sample size is 100, one hundred SHG representatives of micro enterprises. Random sampling method is applied to select sample representatives. The SHG women, who are pursuing these enterprises, were quite happy and have been running and making good returns. The enterprises have yielded a high level of profit, which enabled the beneficiaries to expect their operations to be successful units located in Mahabubnagar
Nostalgia Narrative: A Review on Emotional Appeals and Consumer Behaviour
This review examines how advertising leverages personal and collective nostalgia to drive consumer behavior, brand loyalty, and market engagement. Synthesizing historical timelines and recent empirical studies from 2022–2025, the text shows that nostalgic appeals enhance memory retention by 1.8x and raise repeat purchase intent by 12%. The cognitive pathways convert retro stimuli into favorable brand attitudes via mechanisms like self-continuity and social connectedness. However, performance boundaries exist: 51.1% of consumers exhibit strict price sensitivity when assessing high-priced nostalgic products. Ultimately, nostalgic marketing acts as an emotional anchor that effectively bridges generation gaps.
A Study on Cybersecurity Risks in Financial Institutions
The rapid growth of digital banking and online financial services has increased the importance of cybersecurity management in financial institutions. Financial organizations are highly dependent on digital technologies for banking operations, online transactions, mobile banking, and customer data management. This technological advancement has also increased cyber threats such as phishing attacks, malware attacks, ransomware, hacking, identity theft, and data breaches. These cyber risks affect customer trust, financial stability, operational efficiency, and organizational reputation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the importance of cybersecurity management in financial institutions and examine various cyber threats, security challenges, and preventive measures used to protect digital financial systems. The study also focuses on emerging cybersecurity technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain Technology, Cloud Security, and Biometric Authentication used for improving digital security management. The research is based on secondary data collected from books, journals, websites, research articles, banking reports, and cybersecurity publications. Percentage analysis, charts, graphs, and interpretation methods are used to analyze cybersecurity trends and digital security practices in financial institutions. The findings of the study reveal that effective cybersecurity management plays a significant role in protecting confidential customer information, ensuring secure digital transactions, reducing cyber risks, and maintaining business continuity. The study concludes that financial institutions must continuously strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure, improve employee and customer awareness, and adopt advanced security technologies to manage evolving cyber threats and maintain secure financial operations in the modern digital environment.
Regulating Standalone Oil Palm Mills in Indonesia: A Review
Indonesia’s palm oil sector depends on the rapid movement of fresh fruit bunches from farms to mills, which makes milling capacity central to farmer welfare, industrial efficiency, and sustainability governance. Yet policy controversy has intensified around oil palm mills that operate without owning or directly controlling plantations. This article offers a qualitative literature review of how such mills should be regulated in Indonesia. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed studies, official regulations, certification issues, and statistics, the article argues that standalone mills are neither inherently harmful nor inherently desirable. Their effects depend on location, sourcing arrangements, and the institutional quality of supervision. On the positive side, these mills can widen market access for independent smallholders, reduce fruit-queue losses, stimulate local investment, and weaken localised monopsony. On the negative side, they can disrupt long-established plasma relationships, intensify opportunistic competition for oil palm fresh fruit bunches, weaken traceability, and create incentives for informal ramp-based procurement or legality gaps. The review finds that an outright ban would be too blunt and potentially exclusionary, while laissez-faire tolerance would be too risky for sustainability and the integrity of partnerships. The most appropriate policy is a conditional governance model that recognises standalone mills as lawful but subjects them to spatial feasibility tests, mandatory smallholder partnerships, transparent pricing rules, digital traceability, registered loading ramps, phased ISPO integration, and differentiated enforcement for remote and underserved districts. Such a model would better align farmer inclusion, industrial order, and sustainability in Indonesia’s palm oil ecosystem.
From Loose Oil Palm Fruits to Legitimate Palm Oil Value Chains: A Review
Loose oil palm fruits are often treated as a narrow operational concern at harvest, yet recent literature shows they are a broader systems variable that connects ripeness assessment, labour use, free fatty acid formation, mill efficiency, smallholder income, certification feasibility, and sectoral legitimacy. This article develops a narrative review of recent peer-reviewed scholarship, with emphasis on reputable journal publications from 2020 onward, to explain why loose fruits should be understood not as incidental residues but as a strategic node in the palm oil economy. The review finds that loose oil palm fruits contain valuable, recoverable oil, but poor collection, long harvest intervals, bruising, delayed processing, and mixed handling with fresh fruit bunches can degrade oil quality, particularly by increasing free fatty acid levels and reducing bleachability. At the same time, the problem is not purely technical. Smallholder yield gaps, labour scarcity, transport frictions, weak incentives, incomplete land legality, and uneven access to certified mills all shape how loose fruits are managed in practice. Recent evidence also suggests that better agronomy, shorter harvest intervals, targeted postharvest innovation, stronger farmer organisations, and more enabling certification design can improve both product quality and rural welfare without requiring further land expansion. The article, therefore, argues for an integrated approach in which loose-fruit management becomes a practical entry point for quality upgrading, inclusive intensification, and more credible governance in the palm oil sector.
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A Research Article on Social Media Marketing In the Current Era
The present marketing era is quite technical. Social media is being explored to reach consumers. Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information, and create web content. Marketing through social media reaches the present generation most effectively. Social marketing is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or maintaining people's behavior for the benefit of individuals and society as a whole. Social media marketing is the use of social media, the platforms on which users build social networks and share information to build a company's brand, increase sales, and drive website traffic. In the current era, social media marketing is a good support to the organization towards its survival and upward movement in business. The research article on social media marketing in the current era is descriptive research. The study is based on secondary data collected from various existing sources. A case study approach has been used as the research method, and the study focuses on analyzing company strategies through social media. The researchers aim to understand the essence & significance of social media marketing for organizations. They also aim to study the avenues of social media marketing and their prospects. The study encapsulates the theoretical and literature approach with respect to the domain understanding of social media marketing. The inferences drawn are limited to the researchers' understanding and are indicative in nature. Overall, social media marketing has become the future of communication and business growth, and its importance will continue to increase in the coming years.
Occupational Health and Safety Training and Employee Performance of Brookside Dairy Limited, Kiambu County, Kenya
Occupational Health and Safety training is a critical aspect of organizational performance because it promotes safe working conditions, reduces workplace accidents, and enhances employee productivity. This study examined the influence of occupational health and safety training on employee performance at Brookside Dairy Limited in Kiambu County, Kenya, while also assessing the moderating effect of government Occupational Health and Safety policy guidelines. The study was guided by the Theory of Organisational Effectiveness, which emphasises the importance of organisational adaptation to environmental and operational conditions for achieving improved performance outcomes. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population comprised 1,530 employees of Brookside Dairy Limited, including top-level management, middle-level management, and non-management staff. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 317 respondents, determined through Yamane’s formula. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires containing closed-ended questions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to establish relationships among variables and test the moderating effect of government policy guidelines. The findings revealed that occupational health and safety training was highly rated by employees, with respondents indicating that training programs were regularly conducted, of good quality, and positively influenced employee performance. Correlation analysis established a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between Occupational Health and Safety training and employee performance (r = 0.825, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further showed that Occupational Health and Safety training significantly predicted employee performance (β = 0.436, p < 0.001). The study also established that government Occupational Health and Safety policy guidelines had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between Occupational Health and Safety training and employee performance, with government policy guidelines strongly enhancing compliance, accountability, and implementation of workplace safety practices. The study concluded that effective Occupational Health and Safety Training, supported by strong management commitment, adequate financial resources, and effective government policy enforcement, significantly improves employee performance. The study recommends strengthening employee safety training programs, increasing financial support for Occupational Health and Safety initiatives, and enhancing enforcement of government Occupational Health and Safety regulations to improve organizational performance and workplace safety.
Timely Implementation of Strategies and Employee Performance in the County Government of Turkana, Kenya
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of timely implementation of strategies on employee performance in the County Government of Turkana, Kenya, while assessing the moderating role of leadership commitment within Results-Based Management (RBM) practices. The study was guided by a positivist research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 2,800 employees from various ministries and departments within the County Government of Turkana. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 350 respondents was obtained through Yamane’s formula. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Reliability of the research instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, where all variables attained coefficients above the acceptable threshold of 0.7. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the timely implementation of strategies and employee performance. The findings revealed that the timely implementation of strategies positively and significantly influenced employee performance in the County Government of Turkana. Employees agreed that strategies implemented within appropriate timelines produce satisfying organizational results and improve achievement of targets. However, respondents indicated that most strategies within the county government were not implemented within the expected timelines, demonstrating weaknesses in implementation schedules and administrative processes. Employee performance was generally rated moderate to high, particularly in terms of effectiveness of work completed, quality of service, and efficiency of employee output. The study further established that leadership commitment strengthened implementation processes by enhancing coordination, accountability, and employee motivation. The study concluded that the timely implementation of strategies is a critical determinant of employee performance in county governments. Delays in implementation negatively affect employee productivity, coordination of activities, and achievement of organizational objectives. The study recommends that the County Government of Turkana should strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems, improve resource allocation processes, enhance leadership commitment, and establish effective implementation schedules to ensure the timely execution of organizational strategies and improved employee performance.
This study explores the integration of Total Quality Management (QM) as a strategic catalyst for “Vikasit Bharat” (Developed India). As India aims to transition into a high-income economy by 2047, the adoption of TQM principles, customer focus, continuous improvement, and total employee involvement becomes essential across manufacturing, services, and governance. This research analyzes how TQM frameworks can enhance global competitiveness, reduce systemic waste, and foster a culture of excellence. The findings suggest that a localized TQM model, aligned with national digital and sustainable initiatives, is critical for achieving comprehensive socio-economic development.
A Generational Study on Workplace Behavior and Motivational Drivers: A Comparative Analysis of Gen Z and Millennial Employees”
As workplaces are changing to fit the needs of different generations, it is important to recognize generational differences for the purposes of promoting productivity, encouraging job satisfaction among employees, and promoting organizational integration. The purpose of this study is to investigate and contrast the motivational factors and workplace behaviors of two prominent generational cohorts: Millennials (born 1981 -1996) and Generation Z (born after 1996). This Survey article explores differences in areas such as work values, choice of Communication, technology adoption, and career progression outlooks, as well as fundamental motivating factors using primary data from surveys and interviews. The observation indicates behavioral patterns that significantly affect leadership strategies, team dynamics, and initiatives aimed at retaining talent. These findings offer valuable information to HR practitioners, corporate leaders, and Business owners who wish to build a collaborative and high-performing multigenerational workplace.
Financial Performance and Revenue Generation of Business Compliance: MNC Filling Company
This study focuses on analyzing the financial performance and revenue generation of MNC India Filings, Chennai, a company providing business compliance and financial consulting services. The research aims to understand how the company generates revenue through services such as GST filing, income tax filing, company registration, auditing, bookkeeping, and legal compliance services. The study evaluates the financial condition of the company by examining financial statements, profitability, revenue sources, expense structure, and growth performance over a period of time. Both primary and secondary data sources are used for the analysis, with a greater focus on financial reports and company records. Various financial tools, such as ratio analysis, comparative statement analysis, trend analysis, and cash flow analysis, are applied to measure the efficiency and financial stability of the company.
A Study on the Role of Digital Technology in Improving Supply Chain Efficiency Among Retailers in Nagapattinam
Retail businesses in India’s semi-urban districts increasingly face pressure to modernise their logistics and stock-handling practices, yet surprisingly little field-level evidence exists on whether investing in digital tools actually pays off for smaller merchants. This paper set out to investigate that question by surveying 150 retailers spread across grocery, electronics, apparel, and general merchandise shops in Nagapattinam, a coastal district in southern Tamilnadu. Each participant responded to a structured questionnaire built around a five-point Likert scale, covering four constructs: Digital Infrastructure Adoption, Technology-Driven Inventory Management, Data Analytics and Decision Support, and Supply Chain Efficiency. The instrument demonstrated strong reliability, returning an overall Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.857. Pearson correlation tests uncovered statistically significant positive links between every independent variable and supply chain efficiency; the tightest association was with Technology-Driven Inventory Management (r = 0.256, p = 0.002). A multiple regression model incorporating all three predictors proved significant at the one-per-cent level (F = 6.335, p < 0.001) and accounted for 11.5 per cent of the variance in the outcome measure. Within that model, Technology-Driven Inventory Management (β = 0.192, p = 0.019) and Digital Infrastructure Adoption (β = 0.177, p = 0.030) emerged as individually significant drivers, whereas Data Analytics and Decision Support fell just short of the conventional threshold (β = 0.119, p = 0.143). A chi-square test found no meaningful link between the retailer’s age group and the efficiency category achieved (χ² = 7.539, p = 0.480). Taken together, the results confirm that digital technology adoption does lift supply chain performance in a semi-urban retail setting, though the modest effect size underscores that technology alone is not a silver bullet. The paper closes with practical recommendations—ranging from subsidised connectivity schemes to hands-on digital-skills workshops—that policymakers and trade associations can pursue to accelerate this transformation.
A Study on Behavioral Finance: Impact of Investor Psychology on Stock Investment Decision
This study focuses on the impact of investor psychology on stock investment decisions under the domain of behavioral finance. Behavioral finance explains how psychological factors, emotions, and cognitive biases influence investors while making financial decisions. The study aims to analyze how emotions such as fear and greed, along with behavioral biases like overconfidence, herd behavior, loss aversion, and anchoring, affect investors’ decision-making and risk-taking behavior in stock market investments. The research adopted a descriptive research design, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 150 respondents. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean analysis, correlation analysis, and chi-square test were used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that most respondents were young and moderately experienced investors. The study also found that emotional and behavioral factors had only a weak influence on investment decisions among respondents. The correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between emotional influence and risk-taking behavior, as well as between planned investment strategy and diversification decisions. Similarly, the chi-square analysis showed no significant association between investment experience and market fluctuations. The study concludes that investors generally rely more on rational judgment and financial awareness rather than emotional influences while making investment decisions. The research suggests that improving financial knowledge, proper planning, diversification, and consulting financial experts can help investors make better and more rational investment decisions.
A Study on Performance Management System with Reference to Manufacturing Companies
This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in manufacturing companies in Vapi. The study focuses on employees’ awareness, understanding, participation in goal setting, performance reviews, feedback, fairness, rewards, and overall satisfaction with the PMS. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 110 employees, and responses were measured on a Likert scale ranging from Strongly Agree to Disagree. The analysis indicates that the majority of employees are aware of PMS objectives, actively participate in goal setting, and receive regular performance feedback. Most respondents perceive the PMS as fair, motivating, and linked to career growth and training opportunities. The findings suggest that the current PMS framework effectively supports performance evaluation, employee development, and organizational productivity. The study provides insights for further enhancing PMS transparency and alignment with employee expectations.
A Study on How Online Reviews and Ratings Influence Buying Decisions in Mayiladuthurai
The rapid growth of e-commerce platforms and digital technology has significantly transformed consumer buying behaviour. Online reviews and ratings have become important factors influencing customer purchase decisions in online shopping platforms. Consumers depend on customer feedback, product ratings, and online recommendations before purchasing products and services. The present study focuses on analysing how online reviews and ratings influence buying decisions among consumers in Mayiladuthurai. The study aims to understand the importance of online reviews, the impact of product ratings, customer trust in review systems, and the influence of positive and negative reviews on purchase decisions. Primary data were collected from 160 respondents through a structured questionnaire using convenience sampling technique. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean analysis, correlation analysis, chi-square analysis, and One-Way ANOVA were used for analysing the collected data with the help of SPSS software. The findings reveal that most consumers check online reviews before purchasing products and prefer products with higher ratings. Positive reviews increase customer confidence, while negative reviews discourage purchase decisions. The study concludes that online reviews and ratings play a significant role in influencing consumer buying behaviour and purchase decisions in the digital marketplace.
A Study On Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) With Special Reference to SDG-9: Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure
Sustainable development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes the integration of three key dimensions: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. In response to increasing global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change and environmental degradation, the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These goals provide a comprehensive framework for addressing the world’s most urgent problems. These problems include Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, which play an important role in improving productivity, employment and overall quality of life. There have been studies conducted on overall SDGs and on specific SDGs as well. This paper refers to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. This Study is an exploratory and descriptive research conducted by the help of both Primary and Secondary Data. A survey was conducted to collect Data from across 26 Companies by adopting Convenience Sampling technique. The authors aim to understand the significance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) provided by the United Nations (UN). The authors further aim to study the essence of SDG – 9 Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure in Indian Context. The paper extends the best practices across Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure as gathered through the study. This literary effort encapsulates the study of sustainability practices adopted by selected organizations with special reference to SDG-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. The inferences gathered are indicative in nature and not exhaustive.
Impact of Influencer Authenticity on Destination Visit Intentions Among Metro City Travelers
Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of Instagram influencers’ credibility comprising trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness on tourists’ destination decision-making across major metropolitan cities in India. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was adopted using primary data collected from 397 respondents across Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Chennai. A structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS (Version 26), employing descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). ANOVA was conducted to assess regional differences. Findings: Results indicate that all credibility dimensions significantly influence tourist decision-making: trustworthiness (β = 0.398, p < 0.001), expertise (β = 0.331, p < 0.001), and attractiveness (β = 0.276, p < 0.001). The second-order construct of influencer credibility shows the strongest effect (β = 0.621, p < 0.001), explaining 52.3% of variance (R² = 0.523). ANOVA results (F = 4.782, p = 0.001) confirm significant differences across cities. Research limitations/implications: The use of convenience sampling limits generalizability. Future studies may adopt longitudinal and probabilistic designs. Practical implications: Tourism marketers should prioritize credible influencers, emphasizing authenticity and expertise. Originality/value: This study integrates second-order SEM modeling and regional comparison, offering novel insights into influencer-driven tourism behavior in India.
Work Stress and Employee Retention in the Manufacturing Sector: An Empirical Study in the Chennai Region
Work stress has emerged as a significant challenge in modern organizations, particularly in the manufacturing sector where employees are exposed to demanding work conditions, strict deadlines, and high production pressures. The present study aims to examine the level of work stress among employees and analyze its impact on employee retention in the manufacturing industries in the Chennai region. The study also investigates the factors contributing to work stress and evaluates its influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical design, and primary data were collected from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were employed to analyze the data.The findings reveal that a majority of employees experience moderate to high levels of work stress, primarily due to heavy workload, long working hours, tight deadlines, and lack of supervisory support. The study identifies a significant negative relationship between work stress and employee retention, indicating that higher stress levels lead to increased turnover intention. Furthermore, work stress was found to have a negative impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study concludes that effective stress management practices and employee retention strategies are essential to reduce work stress and enhance employee well-being. The findings provide valuable insights for organizations in designing policies and practices aimed at improving employee retention and overall organizational performance.
A Structural Equation Model of HRM Practices, Employee Engagement, and Organizational Performance
This study examines the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, employee engagement, and organizational performance using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and the Resource-Based View, the research investigates how HRM practices influence organizational outcomes through employee engagement as a mediating variable. Data were collected from 310 employees working in leading software companies in Bangalore, India, using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and SEM indicate that HRM practices have a significant positive impact on employee engagement (β = 0.65, p < 0.001), and employee engagement significantly influences organizational performance (β = 0.58, p < 0.001). The model explains 34% of the variance in organizational performance. Further, mediation analysis using bootstrapping confirms that employee engagement partially mediates the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, with a significant indirect effect (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The findings highlight the critical role of engagement-driven HR strategies in enhancing organizational effectiveness. The study contributes to HRM literature by validating a comprehensive SEM framework and offers practical insights for managers to strengthen workforce engagement and performance outcomes.
A Study on Long-run Price Performance of Initial Public Offerings in India from 2012 – 2022
This study attempted to analyse the price performance of Initial Public Offerings in India from 2012 to 2022. This study employs data from the NSE website and analysed aftermarket performance of 236 IPOs. Data has been analysed using raw returns on the listing day, one year after the issue, two years after the issue and three years after the issue. The wealth relative index has been used to measure the extent of under-pricing of the issue. Analysis resulted that the issues are under-priced on the listing day and yielding good returns, but after two years and three years, the issues over performed.
Social Media Marketing in the Retail Sector: A study of Consumer Engagement
Social media marketing has transformed the retail landscape by enabling interactive and personalized communication between brands and consumers. This study examines the impact of key Social Media Marketing (SMM) dimensions, content quality, interactivity, personalization, influencer marketing, and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) on consumer engagement in the retail sector. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 283 respondents and analyzed through SPSS 28 and AMOS. The findings reveal that all SMM dimensions significantly influence consumer engagement, with e-WOM and content quality emerging as the strongest predictors. The study also confirms the mediating role of brand trust and customer satisfaction, with customer satisfaction exerting a stronger effect. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results indicate both direct and indirect relationships between SMM and engagement. The research highlights the importance of strategic, data-driven, and customer-centric social media practices for enhancing engagement and achieving competitive advantage in the dynamic retail environment.
AI-Driven Structural Modeling for Predicting Macroeconomic Shocks
Macroeconomic shocks such as financial crises, supply-chain disruptions, geopolitical events, and abrupt policy changes pose significant challenges to conventional forecasting models due to their nonlinear dynamics, structural breaks, and high-dimensional data environments. This paper proposes a hybrid AI-driven structural modeling framework that integrates the theoretical rigor of dynamic structural models with the predictive power of modern machine learning techniques. By embedding economic theory into AI architectures, the framework enhances shock identification, captures nonlinear transmission mechanisms, and improves early-warning capabilities for both anticipated and unanticipated macroeconomic disturbances. Using a combination of structural VARs, DSGE-based constraints, deep neural estimation, and reinforcement learning for policy simulation, the study demonstrates how AI can estimate latent structural parameters, detect regime changes, and model complex interactions across monetary, financial, and real-economy variables. Simulation experiments and empirical applications using global macroeconomic datasets indicate that AI-enhanced structural models significantly outperform traditional benchmarks in both accuracy and speed of shock prediction. The research contributes to the growing intersection of AI and macroeconomics by providing a systematic methodology for theoretical consistency, interpretability, and data-driven predictive power, offering new tools for policymakers, central banks, and financial institutions.
Digital HRM Practices and Their Influence on Workforce Productivity: Evidence from the IT Sector
This study examines the influence of digital Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on workforce productivity in the IT sector. Primary data was collected from 150 employees working in leading IT firms such as ABB, Oracle, Capgemini, Infosys, and Wipro using a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical tools including descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha (0.882), correlation, and multiple regression were applied. The results reveal a strong positive relationship between digital HRM practices and workforce productivity (r = 0.672, p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicates that 52% of the variation in workforce productivity is explained by digital HRM dimensions (R² = 0.520). Among the variables, HR analytics (β = 0.271) and e-training (β = 0.246) have the highest impact. The findings highlight that digital HRM practices significantly enhance employee efficiency, engagement, and organizational performance in the IT sector.
Does Sustainability Report Give more Value Relevance Rather Than Integrated Report? : A Study among G-20 Countries
The changing nature of the business environment has seen an increase in awareness on the importance of nonfinancial data when valuing companies and looking at their long-term sustainability. This is due to the argument that traditional reporting methods did not meet all stakeholders' demands of information. The more business entities disclose nonfinancial information, the better it is for reducing market issues and increasing capital market efficiency. The sustainability report and the integrated report, is a revolutionary reporting structure that aims to combine financial and nonfinancial data into a single cohesive report. However, it should be noted that simply creating sustainability or integrated reporting does not ensure greater value for the organization. It is critical that sustainability and integrated reporting go beyond simply delivering information and data, that demonstrate value-relevance by drawing a direct line between a company's sustainability initiatives and its financial performance. This research is designed to examine the value-relevance of integrated and sustainability through a comparison of integrated reports to sustainability reports and assess what effect of these reports has on the investment decisions of their stakeholders. Using of the value-relevance model by Ohlson to assess the relevance of disclosed information to market valuation, of which sample uses companies from G20 that report Integrated Report on IIRC as community member of GRI from 2020-2024. The results indicate that value-relevance for integrated reports is higher than sustainability reports, which means Integrated report can improve the value-relevance of accounting data, but unable to enhance the earnings per share. Integrated reporting indeed offering stakeholders more insight into the financial health and valuations of their assets.
Optimal Portfolio Construction Using Modern Portfolio Theory and Sharpe’s Single Index Model: Evidence from NSE Listed Companies
This study focuses on the construction of an optimal portfolio using Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) with reference to the top 20 market capitalization companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The analysis is based on secondary data collected from the Bloomberg database for the period January 2021 to December 2025. Key financial metrics such as mean return, standard deviation, and beta were computed to evaluate the risk-return profile of selected stocks. The findings reveal that Bajaj Finance (20.3%) and SBI (19.2%) offer higher returns but are associated with higher risk, whereas Nestle and HUL demonstrate lower volatility with stable returns. The Excess Return to Beta Ratio indicates that Reliance (10.00), HDFC Bank (9.39), and Bajaj Finance (9.23) provide superior risk-adjusted performance. A cutoff rate (Ci) of approximately 0.0110 was determined using Sharpe’s Single Index Model, and only stocks exceeding this threshold were included in the optimal portfolio. The final portfolio comprises diversified stocks such as Reliance, HDFC Bank, TCS, Infosys, and Bajaj Finance. The study concludes that a systematic and quantitative approach enhances portfolio efficiency by optimizing the trade-off between risk and return.
Impact of Economic Indicators on Stock Market Performance in India
This study examines the relationship between key economic indicators and stock market performance in the context of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. Using quarterly data over a five-year period, the research investigates the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, inflation rate, interest rate, and foreign exchange rate movements on the Nifty 50 index. Employing econometric tools such as correlation analysis, regression modeling, and time-series techniques, the study explores both short-run and long-run dynamics between macroeconomic variables and market performance. The findings reveal that GDP growth and foreign exchange rates significantly influence stock returns, while inflation and interest rates exhibit a mixed and often lagged effect. These results offer valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and market analysts seeking to understand the interplay between macroeconomic fundamentals and capital market movements in India.
Effects of Cashless Policy and Transportation on Market Mix: A Case Study of Meat Sellers in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
The impact of the cashless policy on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria has been a subject of concern among scholars and policymakers. The study therefore examined the effect of cashless policy and transport fares on the marketing mix of meat sellers in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. A random sampling technique was adopted to select 119 from the active meat sellers for the study using a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data. Multiple regressions were used to determine the extent of the contribution of each independent variable to the subject. Stress is the most emotional effect of the cashless policy at 37.5%, followed by depression, anger, and anxiety. Raised on the result of the physical effect of cashless policy, headache has the highest percentage of 34.2%, body pain (30.8%), sleeplessness (18.3%), and fatigue (12.5%). The major social effect of the cashless policy and transportation was harassment (39.2%). The result of the economic effect of the cashless policy and transportation shows (30.8%) of financial loss among others.
Impact of Corporate Governance Practices on Earnings Per Share of Industrial Goods Companies Listed in the Nigeria Stock Exchange
The study was carried out to investigate the impact of corporate governance practices on earnings per share of industrial goods companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between the corporate governance variables board size, board independence, board diligence, and the earnings per share of industrial goods companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study was anchored on the agency theory and collected secondary data from the audited financial statements and annual reports of randomly selected listed industrial goods companies. Regression analysis was used to analyze the collected data via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 to verify the relationships between the corporate governance variables and earnings per share. Findings of the study showed a positive and significant relationship between board size, board independence, board diligence, and earnings per share. The study therefore concludes that corporate governance practice has an impact on the earnings per share of industrial goods companies listed in Nigeria and recommends, among others, that firm should encourage a reasonable board size, a larger percentage of independent directors on the board of the firm, and finally, enforce attendance to board meetings by board members.